I have just started reading the book “The Maniac”, by Benjamin Labatut. The first chapter, referring to the theoretical physicist Paul Ehrenfest made a deep impression.
Ehrenfest was an Austrian theoretical physicist working in the early 20th century, the golden era of theoretical physics. A Jew born in Vienna in 1880, he had experienced discrimination although he was a declared Atheist, while never denying his Jewish heritage. In fact, as he was completing his studies his declared Atehism prevented him from positions at the university in St. Petersburg in 1907.
Ehrenfest had initially started studying chemistry, but had become fascinated by theoretical physics from his mentor at University of Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), who sadly killed himself by hanging in 1906. By this point, Ehrenfest was already advancing in the field; he had been at the University of Gottingen, one of the main universities in Germany, and had there married a Russian mathematician, Tatiana Afansyeva (1876-1964), with whom he had four children; his youngest son Wassik, born in 1918, suffered from Downs Syndrome, but was loved by his parents.
In every respect Ehrenfest was a leader in his field. In 1912 he secured lecturer at University of Leiden in the Netherlands, where he became one of the most respected professors, teaching later giants such as Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994), Hendrik Casimir (1909-2000), Gerard Kuipier (1905-1973), as well as working closely with Enrico Fermi (1901-1954), Igor Tamm (1895-1971), Robert Oppenheimer ((1904-1967), Ralph Kronig (1904-1995), Werner Heissenberg (1901-1976) and Paul Dirac (1902-1984). His wide circle also included a close friendship with Albert Einstein (1879-1955) and Niels Bohr (1888-1667). Einstein used to stay at his house in Leiden, even in 1923 when he was fleeing death threats in Berlin. He often tried to mediate between Einstein and Bohr in their ongoing discussion about Quantum physics, and in the 1928 Solvay Conference, when the greatest Physicians met to discuss exactly the issue of Quantum physics, Ehrenfest was chosen as the main mediator because he was admired widely “...not only his critical and intellectual capacities but something rather different, a virtue that is usually lacking among giants: ethics, character, as a well as a deep, some would say overwhelming, desire to understand, to grasp the core of things” (Labatut, p. 6).
All his colleagues admired his for his great teaching skills and way of facilitating the difficult questions of physics being debated at the time. In fact, Einstein said: “He was not merely the best teacher in our profession whom I have ever known; he was also passionately preoccupied with the development and destiny of men, especially his students. To understand others, to gain their friendship and trust, to aid anyone embroiled in outer or inner struggles, to encourage youthful talent - all this was his real element, almost more than his emersion in scientific problems.” (Cited in ut of my later years, p. 236, on https://web.archive.org/web/20140312224422/http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/Rowdy_Boeyink_website/).
In every respect Ehrenfest seemed like a success. Respected by geniuses in the time of so many geniuses. A great lecturer, and a wife who loved him and four beautiful children.
But behind the charm, the intelligence and incredible energy, Ehrenfest suffered from deep depression, and it all ended in tragedy.
Einstein had already written to University of Leiden in 1932 out of concern for Ehrenfest for them to lighten his workload. But to no avail, as Ehrefest refused to lighten his work, and continued being the excellent lecturer he had become.
Already a deeply emotional man, Ehrenfest was deeply affected by things happening around him: he was, as Einstein, deeply troubled by the apparent irrationality of Quantum theory, especially troubled by Heisenberg’s uncertainty. It was not that he rejected the theory per se, in fact at Solvay he had appeared to accept Bohr’s arguments, but rather he was troubled by the philosophical implications that appeared to advocate that everything was irrational, disorganized and not able to be ordered in a logical and rational sense. This appeared to deeply trouble him as his personal life was also falling apart, and he saw himself in need to seek a divorce from Tatiana despite her expressing his love and even accepting that he was having an affair.
She was seeing his slide towards the bottom, and there was nothing she could do...
The rise of nationalism was also troubling him; as a Jew he saw the rise of Nazis in Germany with alarm, and with the Nazi takeover in January 1933, he soon traveled to Germany, where his son Wissek was in a care home to take him out and take him to Amsterdam. This happened right after the Nazi euthanasia laws that led to the murder of thousands and thousands of people with disabilities.
But things only appeared to get worse, and in August 1933 he visited Copenhagen and Niels Bohr, and in a private evening with Paul Dirac (who went on to win the Nobel prize later that same year) he appeared deeply troubled, and even expressed to a confused Dirac (who was not the best “people-person” in the world) that he had lost the will to live.
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It was to be a tragic prelude to what was to happen: On September 25th 1933 Ehrenfest traveled to Amsterdam to visit his son Wassik in the care home at the Waterink Institue. He proceeded to shoot his son and then shot himself in the head.
The murder-suicide deeply affected the world’s leading scientists. But in my view also showed the mental struggles (I refuse to say "Instability”) of a brilliant mind and person.
I am no Paul Ehrefest, but when reading the first chapter of Labatut’s book I just deeply identified with the mental problems, because mental health is a real issue, is a real problem, and not to made fun of as I have experienced here.